Wadanne jakunkuna masu amfani da hasken rana ke Juya Hasken Rana Zuwa Wutar Lantarki?

Jakunkuna na rana yi amfani da tsararrun panel na hotovoltaic da aka yi da kayan aikin semiconductor na musamman waɗanda ke juyar da hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki. Ana amfani da nau'ikan kayan abu guda biyu:

- Silicon Monocrystalline - An yi shi daga ingots silicon cylindrical, waɗannan bangarorin suna da kamanni na musamman. Suna bayar da mafi girman inganci amma suna iya zama mafi tsada.

Silicon Polycrystalline - An ƙirƙira ta ta hanyar zubo silikon narkakkar a cikin ƙwanƙolin murabba'i, waɗannan suna da launi mai launin shuɗi mai iya ganewa da layukan ƙarfe. Ƙananan farashi amma kuma ƙarancin inganci fiye da monocrystalline.

A lokacin da hasken rana ya mamaye waɗannan semiconductor, photons suna ƙarfafa electrons a cikin siliki wanda aka kama a matsayin ƙarfin gudu nan take. Wannan tasirin photovoltaic yana haifar da iko daga rana.

Ta yaya ake haɗa ƙwayoyin hasken rana tare don samar da hasken rana?

Kwayoyin hasken rana ɗaya ɗaya kawai suna samar da watts 1-2 da kansu. Don samar da ƙarin wutar lantarki mai amfani, ana haɗa su tare zuwa manyan bangarorin hasken rana:

-Siyarwa: Wannan dabarar ta ƙunshi yin amfani da solder don ƙirƙirar haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin lambobin ƙarfe na ƙwayoyin rana masu kusa. Soldering yana ba da amintaccen haɗin gwiwa da ƙarancin juriya, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen kwarara na yanzu da ci gaba da wutar lantarki a cikin kwamitin.

-Tabbing da Busbar: Tabbing ribbons, yawanci an yi su da sirara da kayan aiki, ana amfani da su don haɗa haɗin haɗin gaba na sel na hasken rana ɗaya, yayin da busbars ɗin ke da faffadan ɓangarorin gudanarwa waɗanda ke tattara na yanzu daga shafuka da yawa sannan a tura shi zuwa tashoshin fitarwa na panel. .

-Haɗin kai na baya: A wasu ƙira, ƙwayoyin hasken rana suna haɗuwa da juna daga bayan baya, suna ba da damar samun kyakkyawar fuskar gaba mai kyau ba tare da layukan haɗin kai ba. Dabarun haɗin kai na baya suna ba da gudummawar gani na panel na hasken rana yayin da suke ci gaba da aikin wutar lantarki.Tambarin jakunkuna guda ɗaya na iya ƙunsar ɗimbin sel guda ɗaya don samar da watts 20-30 da ake buƙata don na'urorin caji mai inganci.

A guda Jakunkuna na rana panel na iya ƙunsar ɗimbin sel guda ɗaya don samar da watts 20-30 da ake buƙata don na'urorin caji mai inganci.

Ta yaya masu kula da caji ke daidaita kwararar makamashin rana?

Da zarar an ƙirƙira ta Jakunkuna na rana panels, wutar lantarki yana buƙatar tsari mai kyau kafin a adana shi a cikin batura. Wannan shine aikin mai sarrafa caji:

-Jagorancin Wutar Lantarki: Masu kula da caji suna duba sakamakon wutar lantarki na caja masu ƙarfin rana kuma su ci gaba da kasancewa tare da shi a cikin kariya ta isar da batura masu alaƙa. A lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya zarce matakin da aka ba da shawara, mai sarrafa caji yana rage cajin halin yanzu don hana yanayin wuce gona da iri wanda zai iya cutar da batura.

-Ƙuntatawa na Yanzu: Duk da ka'idodin wutar lantarki, masu kula da caji suna iyakance yawan motsi na yanzu daga caja masu ƙarfin hasken rana zuwa batura. Wannan yana kiyaye batura daga cajin da ya zarce ƙarfinsu, wanda zai iya haifar da zafi mai zafi, rage tsawon rayuwa, da yuwuwar haɗarin tsaro.

Lardin Baturi na Cajin (SoC) Shugabannin gudanarwa: Masu kula da caji suna tantance yanayin cajin batir don yanke shawarar lokacin da ya kamata a caje su ko kuma yayin da ya kamata a dakatar da caji. Ta hanyar saka idanu akan SoC, masu kula da caji suna hana yin caji ko zurfafa zurfafawa, duka biyun na iya lalata aikin baturi da tsawon rai.

-Rashin zafin jiki: Yawancin masu kula da caji na ci gaba suna sanye da na'urori masu auna zafin jiki don daidaita sigogin caji dangane da yanayin yanayi. Tunda sauyin zafin jiki ya shafi aikin baturi, ramuwar zafin jiki yana taimakawa inganta tsarin caji don yin lissafin yanayin yanayi daban-daban.

-Load Control: Wasu masu kula da caji suna da tashoshi masu ɗaukar nauyi waɗanda ke ba su damar sarrafa wutar lantarki na abubuwan da aka haɗa, kamar walƙiya, kayan aiki, ko wasu na'urorin lantarki. Wannan fasalin yana bawa mai sarrafa caji damar ba da fifikon cajin baturi yayin da kuma ke ba da wuta ga abubuwan da aka haɗa kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Cajin mataki da yawa: Yawancin masu kula da caji na zamani suna amfani da algorithms caji masu yawa, yawanci gami da girma, sha, da matakan iyo. Kowane mataki yana ba da takamaiman manufa don inganta tsarin caji, kamar saurin cika ƙarfin baturi yayin babban matakin sannan kuma kiyaye tsayayyen ƙarfin lantarki yayin matakin iyo don hana yin caji.

-Kariya mai wuce gona da iri: Masu kula da caji sun haɗa hanyoyin kariya masu wuce gona da iri don kiyaye fale-falen hasken rana, batura, da sauran abubuwan tsarin daga lalacewa ta hanyar wuce kima na kwararar halin yanzu. Wannan kariyar tana da mahimmanci wajen hana lalacewar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da dorewar amincin tsarin hasken rana.

-Hanyar Juya Halin Yanzu: Masu kula da caji suna jujjuya rafi na yanzu daga batura zuwa caja masu hasken rana a lokutan ƙarancin rana ko babu. Wannan kashi yana kare tushen caja daga hasken rana daga lahani da ake tsammani kuma yana ba da garantin cewa rafin makamashin ya tsaya a gefe, tare da motsi kawai daga caja masu ƙarfin rana zuwa batura.

-Ingantacciyar Haɓakawa: Ta hanyar haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin caji, masu kula da caji suna taimakawa cire matsakaicin ƙarfin da ake samu daga hasken rana da isar da shi zuwa batura. Wannan haɓakawa yana ba da gudummawa ga aikin tsarin gaba ɗaya da yawan kuzari.

-Binciken Bayani da Bayyanawa: Wasu manyan masu kula da caji suna ba da damar bincika bayanai da sanar da iyawa, ba da damar abokan ciniki su bi nunin tsarin tushen hasken rana, gami da ƙirƙirar makamashi, matsayin baturi, da aikin caji. Wannan bayanan yana ba abokan ciniki damar daidaitawa kan zaɓin ilimi da haɓaka ayyukan dangane da tsarin makamashin rana. Ma'aikatan caji masu inganci suna da mahimmanci don motsi amintacce da jagorantar makamashin da ya dace da rana.

Masu kula da caji masu inganci suna da mahimmanci don canjawa da daidaita makamashin hasken rana lafiya.

Ina ake ajiye wutar da aka samar?

Gabaɗaya, ba za a iya amfani da wutar lantarkin da ke samar da hasken rana kai tsaye ba - yana buƙatar adana shi don amfanin da ake buƙata. Jakunkuna na rana amfani da hadedde baturi lithium-ion:

- An yi shi da lithium-ion polymer ko sel 18650 da aka shirya cikin fakiti.

- Bada babban ƙarfin kuzari don girmansu da nauyinsu.

- Yana iya maimaita caji da fitarwa sau ɗaruruwan.

- Nagartaccen tsarin sarrafa baturi yana hana al'amura.

- Ƙarfin 10,000 - 30,000 mAh yana ba da damar cajin na'urori da yawa.

- Tashoshin USB da aka gina a cikin jakunkuna suna ba da damar haɗawa da na'urorin caji.

Waɗannan batura masu nauyi, masu ɗorewa suna iya adana isassun ƙarfi daga rana don kwanaki na amfani.

Ta yaya makamashin da aka adana a ƙarshe ya koma na'urorin lantarki?

Jakunkuna na rana wutar lantarki tana samuwa yanzu don isar da kayan aikin ku da na'urorin lantarki kamar yadda ake buƙata:

- Na'urori suna haɗa ta tashoshin USB da aka gina a cikin jakar baya.

- igiyoyi suna ba da damar samun damar ajiyar wutar lantarki.

- Daidaitaccen ƙarfin lantarki na USB na 5V/2.4A ko 5V/3A yana isar da ingantaccen caji.

- Masu juyawa na mataki na iya haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki don na'urorin da ke buƙatar shigar da wutar lantarki mafi girma.

- Maɓallin wuta ko kunnawa ta atomatik yana ba da damar fitarwar sarrafawa zuwa na'urori kamar yadda ake buƙata.

- Fitilar nuni suna nuna halin caji da sauran matakin baturi.

Tare da waɗancan haɗin na ƙarshe da aka yi, hasken rana da bangarorin ke kamawa yanzu yana ƙarfafa wayoyinku, allunan, kyamarori ko wasu na'urorin USB!

References:

https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/how-do-solar-panels-work

https://www.nrel.gov/research/re-photovoltaics.html

https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-photovoltaic-58.html

https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/how-do-solar-panels-work

https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/alternative-energy- sources/photovoltaic-pv/solar-panel-operation.php

https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/solar-charge-controllers

https://www.chargerlab.com/solar-charger-basics-solar-panel-battery-controller- explained/

https://www.volt-solar.com/blogs/news/what-is-a-solar-charge-controller-and-how-does-it-work

https://www.energysage.com/solar/solar-energy-storage/what-are-the-best-batteries-for-solar-panels/

https://www.powertechsystems.eu/home/tech-corner/lithium-ion-vs-lead-acid-batteries/