A Tsarin wutar lantarki na caja na USB ya ƙunshi sassa biyu na asali waɗanda ke ba shi damar riƙe hasken rana da canza shi zuwa ikon amfani.

- Kwayoyin tushen hasken rana: Kwayoyin da suka dace da rana an yi su da kayan semiconductor kamar silicon waɗanda ke ba da tasirin tasirin hoto. A lokacin da hasken rana ke motsa abubuwa a kewayen sel na gari, photons suna ƙarfafa electrons kuma suna tasiri wutar lantarki don gudana. Kwayoyin da ke amfani da hasken rana ana haɗa su tare don siffanta tsarin tsarin hasken rana.

- tashar USB: tashar USB ita ce inda kake toshe na'urarka don caji. Yana samun ƙarancin wutar lantarki na yanzu na DC daga sel tushen hasken rana kuma yana haifar da ƙarfi a 5V ko sama da ake tsammanin cajin USB.

- Marufi na tsaro: Kwayoyin da ke amfani da rana suna lullube tsakanin zanen gilashin da aka yi da magani ko filastik. Wannan yana ba da kariya ga sel na siliki masu ƙarfi da hasken rana daga lahani yayin da suke ba da izinin hasken rana ya wuce. Har ila yau, marufi yana ba allon tsarinsa mai ninkawa.

- Mai sarrafa caji: Mai sarrafa caji yana jagorantar wutar lantarki da halin yanzu da ke fitowa daga sel masu ƙarfin rana don cajin na'urar ku amintacce. Yana hana al'amura kamar yaudara.

- Baturi: Tsarin wutar lantarki na caja na USB mai ruɗi yana da baturin lithium-barbashi don adana makamashi don cajin na'urori lokacin da hasken rana ba kyauta ba ne.

Ta yaya Tasirin Hotovoltaic ke Canza Hasken Rana zuwa Wutar Lantarki?

Babban ma'auni bayan aikin Tsarin wutar lantarki na caja na USB shine tasirin photovoltaic. Anan ga taƙaitaccen bayanin yadda wannan keɓancewar ke ba da ikon shekarun iko daga hasken rana:

Hasken rana ya ƙunshi photons, waɗanda sune barbashi na makamashin da ya dace da rana. A lokacin da waɗannan photons suka bugi kayan semiconductor a cikin sel masu ƙarfin rana na allon, ƙwayoyin kayan suna cinye su. Wannan hadewar photons na kara kuzarin electrons da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta, wanda hakan zai sa su wargaje daga da'irar da ke kusa da tsakiya.

Saboda wannan zumudi, masu 'yantar da wutar lantarki za su iya motsawa ba tare da kayyadewa ba a cikin kayan na'ura mai kwakwalwa. A lokacin da kewayen waje ke da alaƙa da tantanin halitta na tushen hasken rana, waɗannan electrons suna gudana ta hanyar sarrafawa, suna haifar da saurin gudu (DC) na iko.

An tsara tantanin tantanin halitta a sarari tare da yadudduka na silicon, ɗaya cajin ƙarfi ɗaya ɗaya kuma mai muni, don yin filin lantarki. A lokacin da photons daga hasken rana suka afkawa tantanin da ke amfani da hasken rana, wannan filin lantarki yana ba da kuzarin lantarkin da ke da kuzari don yawo a wani takamaiman hanya, saboda haka yana yin kwararan da za a iya jujjuya shi don amfanin ƙasa.

Wannan canji na haske (hotuna) zuwa wuta (voltage) tabbatacce ana ishara da shi azaman tasirin hoto. Da farko masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan Faransa Edmond Becquerel ya gani a cikin 1839, wannan siffa ce ta siffata jigon bidi'a ta hanyar rana.

Ta hanyar yin amfani da tasirin hotovoltaic, tsarin wutar lantarki mai cajin hasken rana mai ninkawa yana da ikon kama hasken rana kuma ya canza shi zuwa makamashin lantarki. Wannan sake zagayowar yana ba su iko don samar da wutar lantarki don cajin na'urorin USB kuma suna cika kamar yadda tushen ci gaban wutar lantarki mai dacewa da muhalli ya nuna wajen magance wadataccen makamashin da rana ke bayarwa.

Wadanne dalilai ne ke Ƙaddara Fitar Wutar Lantarki na Fayil ɗin Rana Mai Naɗewa?

Wasu abubuwa na musamman sun ɗauki wani bangare na gaggawa wajen yanke shawarar sakamakon wutar lantarki Tsarin wutar lantarki na caja na USB:

Adadin sel masu amfani da rana: Yawan sel masu daidaita rana a cikin allon kai tsaye yana tasiri iyakar shekarun sa. Yawanci, allunan da za a iya ninka suna ɗauke da tsakanin sel masu tushen rana 10-30, suna ba da yankuna daban-daban don riƙe photon da samar da na yanzu.

Ƙwararrun salula: Ƙwarewar tantanin halitta tana nuni da matakin hasken rana wanda aka canza zuwa iko. Matsakaicin sel masu amfani da rana na silicon galibi suna da saurin tasiri na 15-20%, yayin da ƙarin kayan haɓakawa zasu iya cimma ingantattun abubuwan da suka wuce 40%.

Girman tantanin halitta na rana: Girman ƙwayoyin madaidaicin rana yana tasiri iyakar ƙirƙirar su mai gudana. Manyan sel na tushen silicon rana, alal misali, waɗanda ke kimanta raƙuman ruwa guda 5, na iya samar da ƙarin na yanzu fiye da mafi girman sel. Don wajabta mafi ƙarancin ra'ayi na alluna masu ninkawa, ƙananan ƙananan sel da yawa ana haɗa su tare a jere.

Ƙarfin hasken rana: Ƙarfi da haɗawar hasken rana kai tsaye suna yin tasiri ga adadin photons da ke isa ga sel tushen hasken rana kuma, don haka, nawa ne aka samar. Abubuwa, alal misali, rufe fuska da inuwa na iya rage sakamakon hukumar.

Zazzabi na aiki: Kwayoyin tushen hasken rana suna aiki da ƙwarewa a yanayin zafi mai sanyi. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai zafi, faɗaɗa yanayin zafin rana na iya haifar da faɗuwar ƙwarewa da sakamako.

Load sha'awa: Girman da nau'in na'urar da ake cajin suna yanke sha'awar nauyin lantarki. Masu kula da cajin savvy sun shirya don canza isar da wutar lantarki don biyan takamaiman buƙatun nauyi a zahiri.

Ta hanyar ciyar da waɗannan abubuwan gaba, na'urar cajin wutar lantarki na USB na yau da kullun ana sanye take don isar da ingantaccen sakamako don cajin na'urori daban-daban, gami da wayoyi, allunan, fakitin baturi, da sauran na'urorin USB. Muhimmiyar mahimmanci ta ta'allaka ne cikin yin amfani da ƙwararrun tsare-tsare na tantanin halitta na rana da aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin tsarin hukumar wanda ya daidaita ga canza yanayin muhalli da buƙatun abokin ciniki.

Yaya Ake Amfani da Cajin Rana Mai Naɗewa don Cajin Na'urori?

Amfani da a Tsarin wutar lantarki na caja na USB hanya ce madaidaiciya kuma mai inganci don cajin na'urorin USB ɗinku ta amfani da ikon daidaita rana. Anan ga ɗan littafin ɗan littafin don taimaka muku da yin amfani da ƙwarewar cajin ku na rana:

Buɗe allo kuma sanya allunan: Buɗe tsarin wutar lantarki na USB mai ninkawa mai ruɓi kuma sanya su zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye. Canja batu akan harka ta shari'a don haɓaka buɗe haske. Kuna iya sanya allunan a saman ƙasa ko rataye su tare da haɗaɗɗun da'ira don ingantacciyar kama hasken rana.

Haɗa na'urar ku: Haɗa hanyar haɗin cajin USB na na'urar zuwa tashar USB akan cajar hasken rana. Tabbatar cewa an kashe na'urar ku don yin aiki tare da saurin caji.

Shirye-shiryen isar da wutar lantarki: Haɗaɗɗen mai sarrafa caji yana sarrafa isar da wutar lantarki daga sel masu tushen rana zuwa tashar USB, yana cajin baturin na'urarka da kyau.

Halin cajin allo: Kula da na'urar ku don tantance matsayin cajin sa. Canjin lokacin caji yana dogara da hasken rana. Lokacin da na'urarka ta cika kuzari, cire shi daga caja.

Yi amfani da ƙarfin baturi: Idan caja ɗinka ta hanyar rana ta haɗa da baturi mara kyau, zai yi caji lokacin da aka gabatar da shi zuwa hasken rana, yana kawar da kuzarin rana na wani lokaci nan gaba. Ƙaddamar da caja don amfani da wutar da ta dace da rana daga baturin lokacin da ake buƙata.

Crease da Store: Bayan an gama caji, cire na'urar ku kuma ƙara tushen caja na hasken rana don tabbatarwa yayin jigilar kaya da iya aiki. Wannan yana ba da garantin tsawon rayuwar cajar hasken rana kuma yana adana shi da aka shirya na wani lokaci daga baya.

Ta bin waɗannan ci gaba kai tsaye, za ku iya haƙiƙa iya sarrafa ƙarfin hasken rana don cajin na'urorin USB ɗinku a ko'ina, ko kuna hawa, kafa sansani, ko kashe-matrix. Sanya tsarin wutar lantarki na USB mai naɗewa mai ruɓi na rana, kuma bari hasken rana mai ƙarfi ya cim ma ƙirƙira ta hanyar cajin na'urorin ku, yana ba da tsarin wutar lantarki mai taimako da daidaita muhalli cikin gaggawa.

Kammalawa

Tsarin wutar lantarki na caja na hasken rana mai naɗewa yana ba da hanya mai sassauƙa don cin gajiyar makamashin da ba ya ƙarewa daga rana don kunna na'urori cikin gaggawa. Makullin shine tasirin hoto-voltaic wanda ke ba da ikon sel masu ƙarfin rana don canzawa akan hasken rana zuwa kwararar lantarki mai amfani. Abubuwa kamar ƙwarewar tantanin halitta na rana, girman allo, da ƙarfin hasken rana sun yanke shawarar caji da sauri. Tare da ingantaccen sarrafa caji don isar da wutar lantarki daidai da rana ga baturin na'urar ku, Tsarin wutar lantarki na caja na USB bayar da tsarin caji mai dacewa a duk lokacin da rana ta haskaka!

References

[1] RENOgy. "Cikakken Jagora don Fahimtar Fayilolin Rana Mai Naɗi." *RENGOY*

[2] Hobbs, William. "Solar Panel: Menene Kuma Yaya Aiki?" *Makamashi*

[3] Bellini, Emiliano. "Mene ne Mabuɗin Tafsirin Tashar Rana?" *Mujallar PV International*

[4] Newcomb, James. "Ƙarfafa Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru?" *Ra'ayoyin Solar*

[5] Magill, Bobby. "Yadda ake amfani da Fayil ɗin Rana Mai ɗaukar nauyi don Cajin na'urorin ku." *Manual*